Container construction



W. HUNDT CONTAINER CONSTRUCTION Filed Aug. 29. 1929 Patented Oct. 24, 1933 CONTAINER CONSTRUCTION Willi Hundt, Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany,

assignor to Deutsche Goldund Silber- Scheideanstalt, vormals Boessler, Frankforton-the-Main, Germany, a corporation.

Application August 29, 1929, Serial No. 389,148,

. and in Germany September 3, 1928 4 Claims.

My invention relates to containers which are especially suitable for the use with liquids containing active oxygen when these liquids have to be subjected to quick changes in temperature and 5 which combine suflicient mechanical strength with satisfactory thermal stability of their walls. Containers of, for instance, reinforced concrete have been used before for the said purpose. The walls of these containers had on account of the mechanical stabflity required to be made fairly thick however. On being subjected to sudden changes of temperautreof their liquid contents for instance when liquids contained therein were quickly heated for example by passing steam through heating coils or, also, by rapid cooling of hot liquors by means of cooling tubes, these thick walls could not follow the temperature change speedily enough through their entire mass. This gave rise of internal stresses. The walls cracked in consequence and the liquor oozed or ran through the rents and fissures thus occurring.

The use of iron vessels on the other hand, was

impossible as the'iron surface acted upon the active oxygen contents of the liquor contained therein, leading to considerable losses of valuable oxygen. In order to avoid this action of the container walls upon the liquor the iron containers were then enamelled. But the enamelled lining 'very soon cracked when the system was heated, because of the different coefiicient of expansion of the two materials the liquor oozed through these cracks in the enamel, caused gradual enlargement of the fissures and finally decomposition of the active oxygen compounds set in.

According to my invention I avoid this disadvantage by constructing these vessels,which may have any shape whatever and may be for instanceround or cylindrical or, even, angular, in two parts and interposing between the two parts a layer of non-coherent, heat absorbing material. The two parts consist of an interior container, which because of the thermal requirements is made with thin walls and serves as receptacle of the liquor, and, in addition, in an exterior vessel which surrounds the interior container in a certain preferably small distance and has either the same or, at any rate, very similar form as the interior container. This outer vessel is made with walls sufilciently strong to resist the joint pressure of the inner vessel and the liquor contained therein and is destined on the one hand to absorb or to keep oil! from the inner container,

. all mechanical shocks and stresses coming from 55 outside and, on the other hand,to serve as sup port for the interposed layer of heat absorbing material. The interior vessel is embedded and carried completely by this latter mass. The material' of this interposed or intermediate layer may consist of any more or less yielding or plastic non-coherent mass which should fill out the space between the two containers and is of a good heat insulating nature. Such a material is for instance loam, diatomite, asbestos wool or the like. Since such material-is able to yield when 65 pressure is exerted thereupon and thus to transfer completely the pressure upon the outside vessel it is possible to make the wall of the inner container fairly thin particularly since, as a matter of fact, it has not to carry the full pressure of the liquor introduced into the inner container. The thickness of the wall may be reduced to such an extent that it can be exposed to any temperature change either by rapid heating or cooling without the danger of cracks being caused by intemual stresses.

As material for the inner container I may take any material which is not acted upon by thev liquor contained therein, particularly alkaline solutions containing active oxygen such as for instance solutions of sodium peroxide, hydrogen peroxide made alkaline and the like, and does not influence the liquor in a deleterious way for instance by decomposing catalytically the oxygen compounds in solution. Such substances are, for instance, concrete with or without reinforcement, asphalt cement or other bituminous material and the like.

In preference I take reinforced concrete as constructing material. The walls of the inner container may be lined either right at the beginning or, also, later on by a protecting paint or with a lining of, for instance, rubber, celluloid, artificial resins, ceramic masses or the'like and in the well known manner thus be made proof against the attack of acids or alkalies or other chemicals aggressive to the concrete.

In some cases and for certain purposes the inner container may be made of any suitable ma-- terial'of aninorganic or organic kind such as for instance ceramic ware, porcelain, enamelled ware, celluloid, ebonite, artificial resins such as are generally known under the registeredtrade name Bakelite or others, or the like. In this case, also, I am able to economize considerably in manufacturing the said vessels, in addition to increasing their stability against temperature changes, by making their walls especially thin.

The exterior vessel may be made of any material which is suillciently strong and stable to withno stand the pressure and weight of the inner container with its contents. For example I may use brick work of any kind, tanks made of reinforced concrete, iron vessels or the like. The inner surface of the exterior vessel may, also, be protected against any aggressive liquid by a coat or lining of any material which is resistant against the action of such liquids, although in general the intermediate layer between the outer and the inner vessel will suflice to absorb and make innocuous any liquor leaking from the interior container.

The containers or tanks according to my invention may be constructed by an extraordinarily simple method. I proceed advantageously by primarily. applying to the inside surface of a. tank made of concrete or brick work, iron vessel or the like a coat of loam, diatomite, clay or the like pref erably after I have made it plastic by mixing it, ior example," with water. The interior surface of this coat may be made as smooth as possible and onto it is applied after it has dried to some extent a coat of, for instance, concrete in which may be embedded wire rods, netting or the like in order to reinforce it. This inner coat of concrete which serves eventually as inner container according to my invention may have a thickness of for instance two to eight centimeters whilst the intermediate layer of heat insulating material may be for instance one to two centimeters thick.

By proceeding in the way described I am able to make use for the purpose of my invention of iron tanks or other vessels, which may have been in existence already in the plant and may have been intended or used for a diiferent purpose.

The drawing accompanying this specification illustrates the containers according to my invention and shows by way of example three forms of carrying the invention into practice. The illustrations show cross sections of containers.

In Figure 1 is a the exterior vessel and strong walls, b a thin waterproof cement paint applied to its internal surface, c a yielding heat insulating intermediate layer and d the inner container with thin walls. Figure 2 shows a'similar vessel, the inner container of which, however, is provided with a flange e. Between the top edge of the outer vessel 0 and the protruding flange e of the interior container a layer of the yielding intermediate material has been provided in order to vention may be used with special advantage when prevent the flange of the inner container which naturally is particularly sensitive against differences of temperature from resting immediately upon the edge of the outer vessel. Similarly in the container shown in Figure 3, both the inner and outer containers of which have flanges f and 9, both flanges are separated from each other by a layer of interposed heat insulating material.

The containers made in accordance to my intreating fibres by wet processes such as bleaching or dyeing textiles or the like and are particularly useful when bleaching with liquors of alkaline reaction.

What I claim is:

1. A bleaching solution container construction adaptable to sudden changes of temperature without damage and resistant to the action of active oxygen compounds which consists in a strong outer vessel, a thin inner vessel made of concrete not influencing or influenced by active oxygen compounds and an intermediate layer between both vessels of non-coherent heat insulating material.

2. A bleaching solution container construction adaptable to sudden changes of temperature without damage and resistant to the action of active oxygen compounds which consists in a strong outer vessel, a thin inner vessel made of concrete not influencing or influenced by active oxygen compounds and an intermediate layer between both vessels of loam.

3. A bleaching solution container construction adaptable to sudden changes of temperature without damage and resistant to the action of active oxygen compounds which consists in a strong iron vessel, a thin inner vessel of concrete not influencing or influenced by active oxygen compounds and an intermediate layer between both vessels of non-coherent, heat insulating material.

4. A bleaching solution container construction adaptable to sudden changes of temperature without damage and resistant to the action of active oxygen compounds which consists'in a strong iron vessel, a thin inner vessel of concrete not influencing or influenced by active oxygen compounds and an intermediate layer between both. vessels of loam.

WILLI HUNDT. 

